Sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that affects hemoglobin, the oxygen transport molecule in the blood. The disease gets its name from the shape of the red blood cells under low oxygen conditions. Some red blood cells become sickle-shaped and these elongated cells get stuck in small blood vessels so that parts of the body don't get the oxygen they need. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a single letter change in the DNA. This in turn alters one of the amino acids in the hemoglobin protein. Valine sits in a position where glutamic acid should be. The valine makes the hemoglobin molecules stick together when oxygen tension is low, forming long fibers that distort the shape of the red blood cells, and this brings on an attack.

Pathological findings in Blood disorders

Basophilic stippling

Iron deficiency anemia

Lead poisoning

Thalassemia

Sideroblastic anemia

Cabot rings

Severe anemia

Megaloblastic anemia

Howell Jolly bodies

Post-splenectomy

Megaloblastic anemia

Leukemia

Heinz bodies

Glucose-6-phosphate deficiency

Thalassemia

Acanthocytes

Abetalipoproteinemia

Spiculated RBC

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Burr cells hus

Uremia