Sunday 4 August 2013

Dots and Lines in Ophthalmology

Dots in ophthalmology

Gunn's dot=light reflectios from internal limiting membrane around disc and macula
Horner-Trantras Dot=Collections of eosinophils at limbus in vernal conjunctivitis.
Kayes' dot=subepithelial infiltrates seen in corneal graft rejection
Mittendorf's dot=whitish spot at posterior lens surface,remnant of hyaloid artery.



Lines in Ophthalmology


Arlt's Line = conjunctival scar in sulcus subtarsalis.
Ehrlich-Turck Line = linear deposition of KPs in ueitis
Ferry's Line = corneal epithelial iron line at the edge of filtering blebs.
Hudson-Stahil Line= Horizonatl corneal epithelial iron line at the inferior one third of cornea due to aging.
Khodadoust Line = corneal graft endothelial rejection line composed of inflammatory cells.
Paton's Line = Circumferential retinal folds due to optic nerve edema.
Sampaoelesi line = Increased pigmentation anterior to Schwalbe's line in pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
Scheie's Line = pigment on lens equator and posterior capsule in pigment dispersion syndrome.
Schwalbe's Line = Angle structure representing peripheral edge of Descemets membrane.
Stockers Line = Corneal epithelial iron line at the edge of pterygium
White lines of Vogt = Sheathed or sclerosed vessels seen in Lattice degeneration

Friday 24 May 2013

Traid in Medicine

TRAIDS IN MEDICINES :

Triad of Alports Syndrome
Sensorineural deafness
Progressive renal failure
Ocular anomalies
Triad of Behcet's Syndrome
Recurrent oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Iridocyclitis
[mnemonic: can’t see, can’t pee, can’t
eat spicy curry]
Beck’s Triad
Muffled heart sound
Distended neck veins
Hypotension
Charcot’s Triad
Pain + fever + jaundice
Gradenigos Triad
Sixth cranial n. Palsy
Persistent ear discharge
Deep seated retro orbital pain
Triad of Hypernephroma
Pain + hematuria + renal mass
Hutchinson’s Triad
Hutchison's teeth
Interstitial keratitis
Nerve deafness
Triad of Kwashiorkar
Growth retardation
Mental changes
Edema
Saint's Triad
Gall stones
Diverticulosis
Hiatus hernia
Trotter's Triad
Conductive deafness
Immobility of homolateral soft palate
Trigeminal neuralgia
Virchow’s Triad
Stasis
Hypercoagulabilty
Vessel injury
Whipple’s Triad
Hypoglycaemia during attacks
S.glucose 10%
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Lytic bone lesions
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Triad
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal failure
Fanconi Syndrome Triad
Aminoaciduria
Proteinuria
Phosphaturia
Tetany in Children - Triad
Stridor
Carpopedal spasm
Convulsions
Alkaptonuria Triad
Ochronotic arthritis
Ochronotic pigmentation
Urine darkens on standing
Anderson Triad
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Vitamin A deficiency
Triad of Albinism
Black locks
Occulo-cutaneous Albinism
Deafness of sensorineural type
[mnemonic: BADS]
Pentad of TTP
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Fever
Disturbed neurological function
Renal failure
Thrombocytopenia
Triad of Causes of Biotin Deficiency
Glossitis,
Alopecia,
Dermatitis
Reynolds Pentad
Abdominal pain,
Fever,
Jaundice,
Shock, and
Depression of central nervous system
function (usually indicative of acute
suppurative cholangitis)
Pentalogy of Fallot
Fallot's tetralogy with, in addition, a
patent foramen ovale or
Atrial septal defect.
Triple Test
Estimation of hcg,
Estriol,
and AFP
(for diagnosis of downs syndrome)
O’ Donoghue Triad
Twisting force in a weight bearing
knee joint causes injury to
1. Medial collateral ligament
2. Anterior cruciate ligament
3. Medial meniscus
Congestive Heart Failure Triad
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Tender hepatomegaly
Cushing Triad of
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Bradycardia
Bradypnea
Hypertension
Hemobilia - Triad (Triad of Sandblom)
Malena
Obstructive jaundice
Biliary colic
[mnemonic: MOB]
Kartagener’s Syndrome Triad
Triad of bronchiectasis
Recurrent sinusitis, and
Situs inversus