Showing posts with label mcq. Show all posts
Showing posts with label mcq. Show all posts

Sunday, 4 August 2013

Dots and Lines in Ophthalmology

Dots in ophthalmology

Gunn's dot=light reflectios from internal limiting membrane around disc and macula
Horner-Trantras Dot=Collections of eosinophils at limbus in vernal conjunctivitis.
Kayes' dot=subepithelial infiltrates seen in corneal graft rejection
Mittendorf's dot=whitish spot at posterior lens surface,remnant of hyaloid artery.



Lines in Ophthalmology


Arlt's Line = conjunctival scar in sulcus subtarsalis.
Ehrlich-Turck Line = linear deposition of KPs in ueitis
Ferry's Line = corneal epithelial iron line at the edge of filtering blebs.
Hudson-Stahil Line= Horizonatl corneal epithelial iron line at the inferior one third of cornea due to aging.
Khodadoust Line = corneal graft endothelial rejection line composed of inflammatory cells.
Paton's Line = Circumferential retinal folds due to optic nerve edema.
Sampaoelesi line = Increased pigmentation anterior to Schwalbe's line in pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
Scheie's Line = pigment on lens equator and posterior capsule in pigment dispersion syndrome.
Schwalbe's Line = Angle structure representing peripheral edge of Descemets membrane.
Stockers Line = Corneal epithelial iron line at the edge of pterygium
White lines of Vogt = Sheathed or sclerosed vessels seen in Lattice degeneration

Wednesday, 9 May 2012

Systematic effects of Inhalational Agents:

• Maximum depression of respiration: ENFLURANE.
• Maximum bronchodilation in non-asthmatics: SEVOFLURANE.
• Non inhibitor of ciliary activity (reduced coughing out of secretions): ETHER.
• Maximum nephrotoxicity: METHOXYFLURANE.
• Agent causing maximum muscle relaxation: DESFLURANE.
• Agent causing maximum analgesia: TRIELENE.
• Agent causing maximum hyperglycemia: CHLOROFORM.
• Maximum inhibition to ventilator response: HALOTHANE.
• Maximum bronchodilation in asthmatics: HALOTHANE. (agent of choice in asthmatics)
• Inhibition of myocardial contractily: HALOTHANE.
• Maximum hepatocellular damage: HALOTHANE.
• Maximum sensitization of heart to adrenaline: HALOTHANE.
• Best maintenance of cardiac output: ISOFLURANE (agent of choice in cardiac patients)
• Maximum hypotension: ISOFLURANE.
• Agent causing megaloblastic and aplastic anemia: NITROUS OXIDE.
• Agent causing Sub-acute combined degeneration of spinal cord: NITROUS OXIDE.